Studying the Role of Haptic Feedback on Virtual Embodiment in a Drawing Task(2021)

Richard, G., Pietrzak, T., Argelaguet, F., Lécuyer, A., & Casiez, G. (2021). Studying the role of haptic feedback on virtual embodiment in a drawing task. Frontiers in Virtual Reality, 1, 28.

---

• Compared self-reported embodiment under three conditions
  • Force Feedback : more ecological as it matched reality more closely, has significant superiority over the other two sensations.
  • Vibrotactile Feedback : more symbolic
  • No Haptic Feedback
• Virtual Embodiment : studied through Ownership / Agency / Self-location
  • Ownership
    • self-attribution of a body that is the source of flet sensations and it comes from a mix of bottom-up & top-down factors
      • Bottom up : refer to information arising from our sensory organs
      • Top down : refer to cognitive processs that make possible the machanism of embodiment to take place
  • Agency
    • global motor control, including the subjective experience of action, control, intention, motor selection and conscious experience of will
    • based on three principles : Priority / Consistency / Exclusivity
      • Consistency : is defined as the sensory outcome musf fit the predicted outcome "Uncanny Valley"
  • Self-location
    • determinate volume in space where one feels to be located
      • the space is "self-body space" that is complementary to the concept to be presence
• Hypotheses
  • Haptic feedback would increase the level of ownership
  • Force feedback would elicit a level of ownership higer than vibrotactile feedback
  • Force feedback would elicit higer agency than vibrotactile and no haptic feedback
  • Haptic feedback would increase performance
  • Force feedback would increase it further than tactile feedback
  • Force feedback only would increase the sense of self-location
• Result
  • Embodiment

    • Overall embodiment	x^2(3) = 52.0	p < 0.001
      Agency	x^2(2) = 10.9	p = 0.004	A-1	x^2(2) = 11.7	p = 0.003
      Ownership	x^2(2) = 11.9	p = 0.002

    • Workload
      • Effort / Frustraion / Mental / Performance / Physical / Temporal
  • Conclusion
    • Force feedback brought a stronger sense of embodiment and ownership
    • Other tasks could be implemented to induce more visibiluty or use of full body avatars and distribute haptic feedbakc differently over the virtual body